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An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list.
!Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab, the end of the line, or ‘=’.
!nRefer to command line n.
!-nRefer to the command n lines back.
!!Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for ‘!-1’.
!stringRefer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with string.
!?string[?]Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list containing string. The trailing ‘?’ may be omitted if the string is followed immediately by a newline.
^string1^string2^Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing string1
with string2. Equivalent to
!!:s/string1/string2/.
!#The entire command line typed so far.