Linux Gazette #27

:  ( ѱ۹ Ʈ )
http://kldp.linux-kr.org, cessi@kldp.linux-kr.org

mingetty ̿ ڵ α
By John Kodis

  Ʈ 26ȣ Todd Blake(tbb@enterprise.aacc.cc.md.us) 
   ߾ϴ.

" ٸ ó,      ̿ ٸ ڴ 
ƹ  ׷ ¿   ϰ ִϴ.   ϰ  
 ý ý ù°  ֿܼ ڵ     
α ǵ ϴ Դϴ.(root ƴ)  ٸ ֵܼ ״ ּ 
 ڵ ڳ   Ἥ  õҶ 붧ó α 
Ʈ   ֵ ϴ .  ̷ ǵ ҷ /etc/inittab Ͽ 
/bin/sh ־ ⵵   ȵǴ.   ؾ 𸣰ڽ
.   ?"

  Ȳ̾ϴ. ̷    ׷쿡 ֱ ö
° Ҵµ      ʴ. ׷ ֱٿ   
 ذ  ִ  ãҳ½ϴ.   α Ʈ  ܼ
 ִ  ϴ Florian LaRoche mingettyα׷ ణ 
ؼ   ذ.   Ư ڸ  ý õɶ ڵ 
α  ְ Ǿϴ.  SGI Irix ü Ǵ ɿ 
Ʈ . 
 ô   mingetty.8 Ŵ  ߰ Դϴ.

--autologin username ý õɶ ڵ  ڸ   
̳ н ˻  ֿܼ αŲ.( /dev/tty1)
autologin ɼ Ǹ mingetty ͹̳  Ÿ ˻Ͽ װ ܼ
 ƴ Ǵ   㰡  ̸  ־, ý õǰ 
ʷ ûǴ ڵ α Ǵ    Ǹ   
 ̸̳ н ˻ α  ݴϴ.  Ѱ 
  Ϲ α  ġ Ѵ.
㰡   ڵ α û ź  ִ. ̷  ַ 
root ؼ ڵ α û ̰ų, Ȥ 㰡  ֿܼ 
 ڵ α û ̴.
ý õ Ŀ    ѹ ڵ  α û ޾Ƶ鿩. 
 ڵ α źεǰų, Ȥ ڵ α  α׾ƿ 쿡 
mingetty   α û  Ϲ α Ʈ  α
 óѴ.

http://www5.jagunet.com/~kodis   ġ   ޾ƿ  
 mingetty ġϰ Ǹ ý ó õɶ ù°  ַܼ 
ڸ ڵ α ָ  ܼ  ٸ   ֿܼ  
  ׵ ˴ϴ.
 ġ Ͻ÷ mingetty  α׷ ҽ 켱 ϼž  Ұ̸ 
 Ȩ ִ ġ  Ŀ mingetty α׷  ٽ 
 մϴ.   Ŵ (mingetty.8)   ص  Ŵ 
 ִ 丮ٰ ؾ߰.
 , ù° ֿܼ ڵ α ϵ ϱ ؼ inittab  
  ݴϴ. /etc/inittab  ġ .

1:12345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty --noclear --autologin kodis tty1

̷ ٲ  ý ýŰ ڵ α Դϴ. 
,      쿡 ۾ ϱ  Ȩ丮  .zlogin 
.bash_profile Ͽ     ߰Ͽϴ.   ڵ带 ߰ϰ 
Ǹ ù°  ֿܼ α   츦 ϰڳĴ  
ٷ    10ʰ ų  Ȥ Yes    
찡 ٷ ۵ǰ  츦  α׾ƿϰڴĴ  ȭ鿡 
Ÿ ˴ϴ. 

case `tty` in 
    /dev/tty[1])
        echo -n "Start X [Yn]? "
        expect \
            -c 'stty raw' \
            -c 'set timeout 10' \
            -c 'expect -nocase n {exit 1} -re . {exit 0}'
        if [ $? = 0 ] ; then
            startx
            echo -n "Log out [Yn]? "
            expect \
                -c 'stty raw' \
                -c 'set timeout 10' \
                -c 'expect -nocase n {exit 1} -re . {exit 0}'
            if [ $? = 0 ] ; then
                logout
            fi
        fi
        echo
    ;;
esac

 ϴ ó ̷ صθ α  ϴ  ̰,  
츦  ڽ  øڸ ٷ   ְ . 
ó  ÷ȴ Blake ,  ̷ Ȳ óִ ٸ ںе鿡
Ե   ϰ   ֱ⸦ ٶϴ.


  ͹̳η ϱ
(  PC ο 뵵)
By Rich Kaszeta

Summary:
   386/486 ǻ͸  ٸ /н ũ̼  ͹
η   ֵ ϴ  ٷϴ.

Background:
츮 ̳׼Ÿ  а   IBM PS/Valuepoint 486 
ǻ(16MB ޸, 200MB  ϵũ)  븦  ް Ǿµ 츮 
̰͵  ϸ     ϰ ִ ̾.
ó  ǻ͵鿡  ġϷ ߾µ(   ̹ 
Ƽ  ӽŵ       αⰡ ϴ.) 
 ũ ޸𸮰  ڶ   ׷  ư  
ʰ, ׷̵带 ڴ 빮   װ͵    ַ  
߽ϴ.
׷ 츮 س   ǻ͵鿡 ּ    ġ
 (⺻ ġ ⺻ Ʈũ     Ű  ƿ
Ƽ)  ͹̳η ϵ  Ͽ ſ Ѱ  Ϻ ׷ ͹̳η 
ϴ ̾ϴ. ׷  ǻ͵  н   ̽
 ؼ п ǿ ϵ ߽ϴ.

XDM: The basic concept:
xdm "÷ "μ  α â ڿ ϴ  
մϴ.   xdm   X11 ũ̼   ÷̿ 
׷ α â   ֵ ؼ ڰ   츦  
 ʿ  츦 ٷ   ְ մϴ.
׷ xdm  ӽ  ÷̻Ӹ ƴ϶  Ʈ ӽſ 
  ֽϴ.   NCD  ͹̳      ִ
 . ʿ  Ʈ ӽ     ϱ⸸ 
 ȴٴ ̴ϴ.
츮  ϰ ִ   PC  ̷  ͹̳η ۵  
 ϴ Դϴ.

Setting up the X Terminals
486ǻ͸  ͹̳η ϴ    ܰ   ġ ˴
.
1.  PC ּ   ġѴ.
2.  PC  찡 ۵  ֵ ϰ    Ʈ 
޾ƿ  ֵ XDMκ    ְ Ѵ.
3. ϳ ̻ XDM   ͹̳ο      ֵ 
  Ѵ.
4. XDM   ϱ ϰ ģ.
    ϳϳ  캸 սô.

Installing a minimal Linux system:
 ϰ ִ  ý۵     ϰ ִ 
,  PC鿡   ϱ ߽ϴ.
 ýۿ ⺻    ÷Ǹ ̿Ͽ ġϰ 
ּ Ʈŷ  ϵ ߽ϴ.    ϳ  
ʾҽϴ. ֳĸ     ġ ýۿ   α ʿ 
ϱ.
  XFree86 3.3  Ű  ýۿ  ġ߽ϴ. ⺻  
̺귯 S3 X   ġ. ׸ X11R6 Ʈ  ġ߱
.
  ϰ ϱ ؼ  Ű ߰ ġߴµ 
⺻ Ʈŷ  ƿƼ ssh(ڵ Ȼ  ä 
 α  ְ մϴ.), nvi  ġ߽ϴ.  nvi   
 ؽƮ ͸   ʱ   ġ ̴ϴ.

Configuring each PC to start up X:
ù° ܰ  ýۿ   츦 ϴ  Դϴ. xf86config 
 ̿Ͽ  츦 ϸ  XF86Config  . ̷   
츦      ׵ ؾ մϴ.
1. Emulate3Buttons ɼ Ͽ 콺 ư 2  콺 콺 
ư 3 ó 䳻 ־ մϴ. ֳĸ  ϴ ý 
 ư ΰۿ ϱ.
2. ýۿ ġ S3 ī尡  2ް 1152x900x16Ʈ ػ
 Ͽ 츮 ׳ 1024x768x8Ʈ ػ󵵷 ϱ ߽ϴ. 
ֳĸ 츮 ϴ IBM 15ġ Ϳ   ػ󵵰   
 16Ʈ Į󺸴ٴ α׷ ȣȯ   ߻ϱ 
ϴ.
3.    DontZap ɼ Ͽ ڰ   Ƿ 
   Ͽϴ.
4. 츮  SGIӽſ ǵ ǥ  /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt  ߽߰
. ׷ Ͽ SGI ӽŰ ϴ  ͹̳   ۵  ְ 
 .
5. Ʈ  ٸ  Ͽ    ̴ϴ.

X   ϴ    ǰ    ɾ Ἥ 
xdm ư ִ ũ̼ǿ  õ ҽϴ.

X -quiet -query weber

̷ ϸ weber xdm α 찡   ϴ.

׸: xdm1.gif

 츮 ⺻δ  غ   Ǿ ˰ ֽϴ. ̷ 
 ý ׳   ũ̼ϰ ϵ  ϰ Ѵٸ 
̻ ۾  ʾƵ ˴ϴ.   X õǴ  ۵ǵ
 ϴ Դϴ. /etc/init.d/xterm ũƮ ϸ .(  : 
 ϴ       ϰ ִ. ٸ 
̳       ణ Ʋ.) 
 ýۿ 츮 update-rd.d xterm defaults 99     
Ű νҼ ־µ ̳  ϰ    
̴ϴ. 츮  ۾   ڿ X ڸ ۵Ǵ Ȯ
   ý  ҽϴ.

Configuring an XDM server to provide a "chooser":
츮 ̹ ⺻  ͹̳  Դϴ. ׷  ·δ 
   ũ̼ϰ  ϱ     ũ
̼ǵ ϵ ϰ Ѵٸ ̷ ص  ͹̳ο ȣƮ
   ֵ   ִ  Ʈũ    ̻ 
 ־ մϴ.  ۿ ̷ ȣƮ   ִ  
 ִ ũ̼ "weber" θڽϴ.  (̱ۿ "weber" 
 ýԴϴٸ, ̰ xdm  ִ ũ̶̼  
ƴ϶  ϴ.)
ù° ܰ weber  XDM  ؼ ִ ȣƮ 
   ֵ ϴ  Դϴ. ̰ Xaccess  ؼ  ˴ϴ.
(     /etc/X11/xdm   Ʒ   ֽϴ.  ٸ       
/usr/lib/X11 Ʒ    ֽϴ.)   ⺻ ġ Xaccess 
Ͽ ּ  Ǿ ְ     ξ  ϴ 
  ʽϴ.
⺻,    Ͽ  ߰ ־ մϴ.

hostname CHOOSER host-a host-b

hostname   ȣƮ  Ʈ  ִ   ̸̰("*" 
"*.domain.name"   ϵī    ֽϴ.),   CHOOSER 
xdm CHOOSERڿ  ȣƮ鿡  Ʈ  ֶ 
ϴ Դϴ.  CHOOSERڿ BROADCAST  ָ  Ʈ
ũ ִ xdm ư ִ  ý۵ ֱ⵵ մϴ.
׷Ƿ  츮  ý    Ʈũ ȿ  xdm  
  ִ ȣƮ ̸   ֵ Ϸ Xaccess Ͽ 
    ֵ ָ ˴ϴ.

* CHOOSER BROADCAST

׷  ϰ ִ ȯ濡 ٸ ݿ   ִ ý۵鵵 
 ֱ , ׷ ý۵   Ʈ Ÿ  ֵ 
 ؼ εĳÿ    ϴ. ׷     
־߰. 

* CHOOSER ȣƮ Ʈ

߰,  ٸ ý۵鿡  ؼ  ٸ  Ʈ ֵ  
 ֽϴ. տ ,   ͹̳η Ϸ  
۵   븦 SGIũ̼  ׷ ͹̳η ؾ ϱ  
 "console" ̸  ýۿ     ־ϴ.

console.me.umn.edu CHOOSER server1 server2 ...

 ܰ  ͹̳ XDM    ̿Ͽ ϵ 
ϴ Դϴ.  ͹̳ ýۿ α    츦   
ؼ  ҽϴ.

X -indirect weber

׷     ȣƮ  ִ ȭ Ÿϴ.

׸: chooser.gif

  Ǵ  Ȯ /etc/init.d/xterm ũƮ "-query rayleigh"
  κ "-indirect weber"  ݴϴ.

Configuring the chooser through X resources and scripts
......⺻      ǰ    ʿ   
,   ٵ ̰.
 ҽ Ͽ ָ ˴ϴ.   ҽ ٲμ Ʈ 
ٲ۴ٰų,  ,  Ȥ  ġ  ٲ    ֽϴ.   ̷ ҽ 
/etc/X11/xdm/Xresources Ͽ Ǿ ֽϴ.
 ϴ ý ,       ֵ ְ 
;ϴ.
1. κ ٲ㼭 "Available MEnet Systems"    մϴ.
2. Ʈ    ٲߴϴ.
3. Ʈ  ٷ ְ, ̿   ༭ η Ľŵϴ.
4. ũѹٸ  űϴ.
5. ü â ũ⸦   Űϴ.

̷ ֱ ؼ 츮 /etc/X11/xdm/Xresources Ͽ   
 ߽߰ϴ.

Chooser*geometry:               810x500+300+225
Chooser*allowShellResize:       false
Chooser*ShapeStyle:             Oval
Chooser*viewport.forceBars:     true
Chooser*label.font:               *-new   century 
schoolbook-bold-i-normal-*-240-*
Chooser*label.label:            Available MEnet Hosts
!Chooser*list.font:             
-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-*-230-*-*-c-*-iso8859-1
!Chooser*Command.font:             *-new   century 
schoolbook-bold-r-normal-*-180-*
#ifdef COLOR
Chooser*label.foreground:               white
Chooser*label.background:               midnightblue
Chooser*Command.background:            gray80
Chooser*list.columnSpacing:         25
Chooser*list.defaultColumns:         2
Chooser*list.forceColumns:         true
Chooser*list.verticalList:              true
Chooser*internalBorderColor:            black
Chooser*Command.font:           -adobe-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-12-*
Chooser*viewport.useRight:      true
#endif

, 츮 ⺻  쿡 Ǿ ִ ׹  
Ʈ (ȭ) ְ ;ϴ. ֳĸ  Ϳ  
     ʾұ  Դϴ.   ̷  ֱ   ؼ  츮   xdm 
chooser.script  ũƮ  chooser ſ ϵ ߽ϴ.  
ũƮ  ׶带  skyblue4   ٲִ   մϴ. ̰ 
/etc/X11/xdm/xdm-config    ߰ؼ   ־ϴ.

DisplayManager*chooser:         /usr/lib/X11/xdm/chooser.script

chooser.script  ϴ.

#!/bin/sh
xsetroot -solid skyblue4
/usr/lib/X11/xdm/choosser $*

    ٲϴ.

׸: chooser2.gif

ݱ   ͺ ξ   κ  ҽ ؼ, Ȥ
 XDMũƮ Ἥ ڱ    ֽϴ. xdm Ŵ 
 ϼ.

Conclusion:
  ʰ,     Ư ʿ(̷ 
  ͹̳ε ý  찡  , Ʈ Ʈ
 ʿϴ.)  "ƺ" PC     ͹̳η ٲپ 
 ־ϴ. (386 غҴµ  Ǵ.)
 帮  , ⼭ 帰    
 ž PC鿡 Ǵ  ̴ϴ. ׷ ⼭ 帰 Ȱ 
   찡  ȣȯǴ ý۵   (   ũ̼, HP, 
SGI......) ų  ִٴ ̴ϴ.


